Because sewer gases may flow back up into the building drain piping from a public sewer or private septic system and because some sewer gases are included in building waste flowing through the piping the plumbing vent system needs to carry these gases outside usually above the building roof where they are disposed of safely and without leaving unpleasant or possibly dangerous smells and gases inside the building.
Waste vent roof.
The vent pipes are part of the drain waste vent or dwv system of a house or building and they do not carry water inside them.
A true vent is a vertical pipe attached to a drain line that travels through the roof with no water running through it.
Many fixtures are not so conveniently located however and other solutions must be found.
Water and waste head down the pipe while gasses are vented up and outwards.
Vents provide a means to release sewer gases outside instead of inside the house.
If a fixture is close to the stack and on the top floor the upper part of the stack serves nicely as a vent.
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Vents also admit oxygen to the waste system to allow aerobic sewage digestion and to discourage noxious anaerobic decomposition.
The venting system or plumbing vents consists of a number of pipes leading from waste pipes to the outdoors usually through the roof.
Instead they serve to equalize air pressure within the dwv system and also release sewer gases into the outdoor air as all vent pipes terminate through the roof.
Drain pipes take the wastewater to the soil stack.
The stack also allows fresh air in to keep water running smoothly through your piping.